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Signaling pathway
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Signaling pathway
Signal transduction pathways are mechanisms by which extracellular signaling molecules, mediated through receptors, initiate intracellular enzymatic cascades. The concept was first proposed in 1972 and initially termed “signal conversion”; it was later defined as “signal transduction” by M. Rodbell in 1980 and has since been widely adopted. Ligands, including hormones and cytokines, bind to their respective receptors, triggering a cascade of protein kinases and phosphatases that ultimately modulate biological outcomes such as gene expression or enzyme activity.
Cellular process
Environmental Information Processing
Genetic Information Processing
Organismal systems
Human disease
Metabolism


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